This article studies the lexical-semantic properties of units expressing the mental state of a person in the Uzbek language. The semantic analysis of these units, their use in context and their role in the speech structure are studied. The methods of lexical-semantic analysis, component analysis, contextual analysis and comparison were used in the research. The results show that units expressing the mental state in the Uzbek language have their own semantic changes in different contexts, which play an important role in increasing the expressiveness of speech. The role of these units in modern speech and literary language is also considered.

This article explores the fundamental principles of thermal power generation, focusing on core components and functions in thermal power plants. It covers thermodynamics, the Rankine cycle, and heat transmission rules, with detailed examination of Rankine cycles and heat transfer mechanisms in plant components. It also discusses internal combustion engines, particularly diesel engines, and Advanced Exergy-Based Analyses in system analysis. These analyses aim to identify preventable exergy destruction sources and costs within components, with ongoing development addressing issues like validating exergy dissipation divisions. Synthesis methodologies include superstructure-based and superstructure-free approaches. The former uses a steam network to create a steam-cycle superstructure, integrating with a heat exchanger network for comprehensive flowsheets. The latter employs SYNTHSEP and ECH-based methods, with the ECH-based method excelling in comprehensive flowsheet synthesis and offering easy expansion with precise models. Both methods use bi-level decomposition techniques combining evolutionary algorithms and mathematical programming.

Бухоро амирлигининг иқтисодий, сиёсий ва маданий ҳаётини акс эттирадиган ЎзР МДАнинг “Бухоро амирлиги Қўшбеги маҳкамаси” (Управление кушбеги эмира Бухарского) деб номланган И-126 фонди ҳам ўзига хос тарихга эга. Ёзма маълумотларга кўра, тарихчилар орасида Қўшбеги архиви деб ном олган ҳужжатлар тўплами ўтган асрнинг 30-йилларида Бухоро Аркидан топилган бўлиб, унинг Марказий Давлат Тарих архивига топширилиши, яъни марказ Тошкентга олиб келиниши ўша даврдаги мураккаб иқтисодий-сиёсий вазиятда амалга оширилган.

Ushbu maqolada Abu Tohirxo'janing "Samariya" asarida keltirilgan gidronimlar lingvistik va etimologik jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Asarda keltirilgan sakkizta asosiy suv obyekti nomlari tarixiy va zamonaviy manbalarga tayanib o'rganilgan. Tadqiqot natijasida gidronimlarning kelib chiqishi, ma'no xususiyatlari va hozirgi kundagi ahamiyati aniqlangan.

This article explores methods for developing physical qualities, particularly speed and strength, in 12-14-year-old boys through Taekwondo training. Based on scientific research and practical experience, it presents specialized exercises and recommended training programs for this age group, aimed at enhancing athletic performance.