This article discusses folk oral culture and its specific features.

Acute intestinal obstruction in children is a serious clinical condition that requires timely diagnosis to ensure effective management and improved prognosis. Ultrasonography, due to its non-invasiveness and real-time imaging capabilities, has become one of the most valuable diagnostic tools in pediatric practice. This study explores the role of comprehensive ultrasonographic techniques in identifying different types of intestinal obstruction among pediatric patients. Through clinical evaluation of 100 pediatric cases, this paper demonstrates the diagnostic efficiency, interpretative criteria, and practical relevance of sonographic findings. This work contributes to clinical best practices and advocates for ultrasonography as a first-line diagnostic modality in children with suspected intestinal obstruction.

This article explores Iran-Ottoman relations during the Qajar era (1794–1925), highlighting both cooperation and competition between the two neighbors. Their collaboration brought significant achievements in economy, culture, politics, and security, while conflicts—mainly rooted in border issues, ethnic minorities, and foreign interventions (particularly Russian and British)—often led to wars. Despite these tensions, efforts to maintain peaceful relations marked this era as relatively stable compared to earlier periods like the Safavid, Afsharid, and Zand dynasties. Key events such as the First and Second Treaties of Erzurum reflect the deepening of bilateral ties. Although full success was not achieved, this period holds a notable place in the history of both nations for fostering cooperation in political, cultural, economic, and military spheres. The study adopts a descriptive and library-based research approach, concluding that these shared interests are strong foundations for continued collaboration.

Mazkur maqolada IMEN (TRIZ – Ijodiy Muammolarni Echish Nazariyasi) metodlari asosida ta’limiy jarayonni samarali tashkil etish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan. TRIZ yondashuvi orqali o‘quvchilarda ijodkorlik, tanqidiy fikrlash, muammoga yondashuv ko‘nikmalari shakllanadi. Shu bilan birga, ta’limiy faoliyatda noan’anaviy yondashuvlar, interfaol metodlar va didaktik mashg‘ulotlar orqali o‘quvchilarning darsga qiziqishini oshirish, ularni innovatsion fikrlashga yo‘naltirish mexanizmlari ko‘rib chiqilgan. Maqolada amaliy misollar, muammo-vaziyatli topshiriqlar asosida TRIZ metodlarining afzalliklari tahlil etiladi.

Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston transport tarmoqlari bilan bog‘liq holda motel va kichik mehmonxonalarning yangi dizayn tendensiyalari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot davomida transport infratuzilmasi, ekologik innovatsiyalar va milliy arxitektura elementlari asosida yangi loyihalarning istiqbollari o‘rganildi.