Hozirgi vaqtda polimer chiqindilar ko’payib atrof muhitga katta zarar keltiryapti. Shuning uchun ularni kamaytirish ularning o’rniga tabiiy polimerlar olish dolzarb hisoblanadi. Bunday tabiiy polimerlar turli xil agressiv muhitda parchalanib ketadi. Bunday bioparchalanuvchi polimerlar an’anaviy polimerlarga qaraganda ancha qimmatroqdir. Arzonroq bioparchalanuvchi polimerlar olish uchun polimer kompozitlardan foydalanish bilan bog’liq bo’ladi.

В статье рассмотрен сновные трудности и стратегии перевода реалий в контексте художественного текста (на материале перевода поэм Максуда Шейхзаде), а также даны определения термина реалия.

Surxon vohasida esa Sherobod, Denov, Boysun, Sarijo’y va Yurchi kabi bekliklar bo’lgan va bular turli davrlarda tashkil etilib yugatilib turilgan. Ushbu maqolada esa Surxon vohasining shimoliy qismida joylashgan bekliklarni tadqiq qilamiz.

This article explores the complex pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases with a primary focus on the mechanisms underlying the breakdown of immune tolerance. Immune tolerance is essential for preventing the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissues. The review covers both central and peripheral tolerance processes, highlighting how genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and immune regulatory failures contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Key cellular players, such as regulatory T cells and antigen-presenting cells, are discussed in relation to their roles in maintaining immune homeostasis. Additionally, the article examines current understanding of molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, and other pathogenic mechanisms leading to self-reactivity. The challenges in diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases are also addressed, emphasizing the need for targeted therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring immune tolerance rather than merely suppressing immune responses.

Ushbu maqola 15–17 yoshdagi badmintonchilarning tezkorlik va kuch sifatlarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan ilmiy-tadqiqot natijalarini o‘z ichiga oladi. Tadqiqotda maxsus mashg‘ulotlar tizimi tajriba va nazorat guruhlari o‘rtasida taqqoslash metodikasi asosida sinovdan o‘tkazildi. Tajriba guruhida 8 hafta davomida tezkorlik va mushak kuchi ko‘rsatkichlarini oshirishga yo‘naltirilgan mashg‘ulotlar olib borildi. Natijada sportchilarning harakat faoliyati, reaksiya tezligi va jismoniy holati sezilarli darajada yaxshilandi (p<0,001). Taklif etilgan metodika o‘smir badmintonchilarning tayyorgarligini yangi darajaga ko‘tarishda samaradorligini isbotladi va matematik-statistik tahlil orqali baholandi.