Совершенствование методологии развития коммуникативных компетенций студентов с использованием инновационных подходов намеревает разработку и внедрение современных педагогических технологий, направленных на формирование умений и навыков эффективного общения.

This study investigates the challenges in teaching grammar to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. More specifically, it focuses on grammar challenges caused by the interference of the students’ native languages, teaching strategies and the classroom environment. The research includes 100 EFL students at two different English Departments at Herat University. A questionnaire is adopted to test the challenges in the three different areas. Statistical tests are applied to check if the challenges are perceived to affect by students’ grammar skill. The findings show that students’ learning is significantly influenced by three key factors: language interference, teaching strategies, and classroom environment. Most students reported challenges with understanding English, emphasized the importance of effective teaching strategis, and noted that classroom conditions impact their focus. Implications on native language and both instructional and environmental improvements are regarded as crucial for enhancing learning outcomes.

Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari va sun’iy intellekt rivojlanayotgan bir davrda Data Science mutaxassislari duch keladigan asosiy qonuniy tuzilmalar yoritiladi. Unda axborot xavfsizligi, shaxsiy ma’lumotlarni himoya qilish, mualliflik huquqi, algoritmik xolislik va AI etikasi kabi dolzarb masalalar tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, xalqaro va milliy qonunchilikdagi farqlar, Data Science bo‘yicha amaliyot yuritishda e’tibor berilishi zarur bo‘lgan huquqiy me’yorlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola data analitiklar, IT-huquqshunoslar va soha bo‘yicha siyosatchilar uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.

Severe trauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly in patients under the age of 45. Effective early management in the hospital setting is critical for improving survival rates and reducing long-term disability. This article provides an in-depth overview of first aid strategies and emergency clinical protocols applied to patients with life-threatening trauma, based on internationally accepted trauma care guidelines such as Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and Damage Control Resuscitation (DCR).

Ushbu maqolada gepatit C virusi (HCV) infeksiyasining global sog‘liq uchun ahamiyati, genotiplari, yuqish yo‘llari va davolash usullarining zamonaviy yondashuvlari yoritilgan. Maqolada HCV infeksiyasining epidemiologiyasi, virion va genom tuzilishi, hamda virusning jigar faoliyatiga salbiy ta’siri keng tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri ta’sir qiluvchi antiviral vositalar (DAA) terapiyasining samaradorligi, ularning turli genotiplarga ta’siri va interferon asosidagi terapiyaga nisbatan ustunliklari muhokama qilingan. HCVni butunlay yo‘q qilish uchun JSST tomonidan belgilangan maqsadlarga erishish yo‘lida skrining, tashxis, profilaktika va doimiy monitoring zarurligi asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, DAA terapiyasi bilan bog‘liq rezistentlik, gepatotsellyulyar karsinoma (HCC) xavfi va noinvaziv biomarkerlar orqali monitoring masalalariga ham alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.