The article deals with essential competences that are required for effective language learning and teaching in contemporary methodologies. It explores the skills essential for achieving effective language acquisition and instruction. The article highlights several key competences, including linguistic, intercultural, and subject didactic and explains how these skills work together to foster a well-rounded learning environment. Through a qualitative analysis of classroom practices, the article demonstrates that developing a balanced set of competences is crucial for both students and teachers to succeed in foreign language acquisition. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating intercultural awareness into language instruction, making the article highly relevant for educators seeking to enhance their teaching methods. This article contributes valuable insights into foreign language pedagogy and is a useful resource for both language teachers and curriculum developers.

Translation studies have evolved significantly in higher education, with methodologies that bridge theoretical foundations and practical applications. This article explores the dominant teaching methodologies in translation programs, emphasizing their importance in developing competent and versatile translators. These methods include task-based learning, translation workshops, contrastive analysis, project-based learning, technology integration, genre-specific training, and the use of corpus linguistics. By examining each approach, the article sheds light on how institutions prepare students for the complexities of translation in professional contexts.

The development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is currently considered to be a chain of interaction between etiological and pathogenetic factors, among which the leading role is played by genetic predisposition, general changes, ischemia, primary local functional and dystrophic changes, disturbances in hydrostatics and hydrodynamics of the eye, increased intraocular pressure, vascular disorders, dystrophy and tissue degeneration. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to study the factors of endothelial dysfunction leading to a decrease in ocular hemoperfusion in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods. The study included 92 patients with POAG, aged 65 to 80 years. The level of lipid peroxidation and AOS, the lipid composition of the blood and the indicators of the complement system were studied before and after treatment. Conclusion. The study of indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant status of blood serum according to the corresponding levels (high, medium and low) makes it possible to determine the risk of disease progression and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in patients with POAG.

“Zahabiya” tariqati tasavvuf tariqatlaridan biri bo‘lib, islom dinining shia mazhabiga e’tiqod qiluvchi aholisi orasida keng tarqalgan. Ushbu ilmiy tadqiqotda mazkur tariqatga doir ba’zi bir ma’lumotlar, jumladan, paydo bo‘lish shart-sharoitlari, qutblari, asoschisi, qonun-qoidalari va so‘fiylik rasm-rusmlari turli tildagi manbalar asosida tahlil qilingan.

Статья рассматривает современные тенденции в области обработки многословных лексем в компьютерной лингвистике, подчеркивая важность эффективного анализа естественного языка. Основные направления включают: Глубокое обучение: Применение нейронных сетей для автоматического извлечения признаков из текстов и работы с большими объемами данных. Семантические модели: Использование векторного представления слов для повышения точности анализа и понимания смысловых связей. Мультиязычные системы: Разработка технологий, обеспечивающих качественный анализ и перевод текстов на разных языках. Обработка больших данных: Создание методов для быстрой и эффективной обработки массивов текстовой информации. Интеграция с другими областями: Объединение технологий компьютерной лингвистики с обработкой изображений и звука для комплексного анализа. Также статья выделяет вклад известных исследователей, таких как Ноам Хомский и Карен Спарк Джонсон, в развитие этой области. Особое внимание уделяется преимуществам обработки многословных лексем для тюркских языков, включая учет морфологической сложности, разрешение многозначности и улучшение качества машинного перевода. Работа подчеркивает значимость данной области для развития языковых технологий и коммуникации в тюркском языковом сообществе.