The article discusses the history and development of the management field. The importance of studying and analyzing the management field, especially the organizational-economic, social, cultural-educational significance of management in the field of management, has been studied and methodologically studied.

Mazkur maqolada OIV infeksiyasiga chalingan bemorlarga retrovirusga qarshi terapiya jarayonida hamshiralar tomonidan ko‘rsatiladigan tibbiy va psixologik yordamning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Hamshiralar bemorlarning dori vositalarini to‘g‘ri qabul qilishini ta’minlash, ularning salomatligini kuzatish, muqobil tibbiy yordam ko‘rsatish va psixologik qo‘llab-quvvatlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Shuningdek, maqolada hamshiralarning kasallik profilaktikasi, infeksiyaning tarqalishini oldini olish va bemorlarning hayot sifatini yaxshilashdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari sog‘liqni saqlash tizimidagi hamshiralar faoliyatini takomillashtirish hamda OIV bilan kasallangan bemorlarni parvarish qilish bo‘yicha samarali strategiyalarni ishlab chiqishga qaratilgan tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.

In this article, you can get theoretical information about the means of forming the interrogative content. Simple sentences with interrogative content include pure interrogative sentences and rhetorical interrogative sentences among linguistic means. In particular, interrogative sentences with interrogative pronouns are considered as a means of reference. Interrogative pronouns, using questions such as who, what, how, which, how many, how much, when, are used to refer to relationships such as person, thing, object, sign-property, time, quantity-degree. Sentences with interrogative pronouns. The article analyzes theoretical information about interrogative sentences and shows the features of the means of forming the content of interrogative sentences based on examples.

Ushbu maqolada azot to'plovchi bakteriya shtammlarining soya (Glycine max L.) o'simligi bilan simbiotik munosabatlari tadqiq etilgan. Turli bakterial shtammlarning soya o'simligida azot fiksatsiyasi samaradorligi, simbiotik munosabatlar shakllanish mexanizmlari, atrof-muhit omillarining ta'siri, shuningdek, biotexnologik yondashuvlar tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko'ra, samarali simbiotik munosabatlar hosildorlikni 20-30% ga oshirishi, tuproq unumdorligini yaxshilashi va mineral o'g'itlar sarfini kamaytirishi aniqlangan.

The determination of metal ions such as Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in various samples is crucial for environmental monitoring, industrial quality control, and biomedical applications. This study explores the quantitative analysis of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, a rapid and reliable technique based on the absorption of light by metal-ligand complexes. Optimal conditions for the detection, including wavelength selection, reagent concentration, and pH, were investigated to enhance sensitivity and accuracy. Calibration curves were constructed to determine the linearity and detection limits for each ion. The method was applied to real samples, and results were validated against standard techniques. The findings demonstrate that UV/Vis spectrophotometry provides a cost-effective and efficient approach for Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ determination in various matrices.