Motivatsiya - bu maqsadga erishish uchun ichki va tashqi omillar orqali kishining harakatga kelishi. Bu insonning o‘z istaklari, ehtiyojlari va maqsadlariga erishish uchun energiya va kuch beruvchi jarayon.

Ushbu maqolada tabu search usuli va uning tarixi, uni yuridik faoliyatda qay usulda qoʻllanilishi, afzalliklari va kamchiliklari yoritilgan. Tabu search metodining yuridik sohada qo'llanilishining o'ziga xos afzalliklari mavjud. Bu metodning asosiy afzalligi, kompleks vazifalarni yechishda va ko'plab parametrlar orasida optimal yechimni topishda samarali bo'lishidir. Tabu Search usuli yuridik sohada hali keng tadqiq qilinmagan, ammo uning murakkab va cheklovchi talablarga ega bo‘lgan vaziyatlarda samarali bo‘lgani sababli bu sohada ham qo‘llanish imkoniyatlari mavjud. Bu usulning ba’zi yuridik jarayonlarda ham qoʻllash mumkin.

Fair competition in the marketplace benefits consumers, sellers, and society; however, in some cases, certain traders may resort to unfair methods or violate competition laws and harm each other's commercial interests. In such cases, the issues of civil and criminal liability arise from unfair competition. Unfair competition can be defined as any competition that is conducted contrary to the norms of honorable conduct and trade. It is an aggressive behavior that arises from the misuse of a specific freedom related to commercial activities that is not inherently prohibited and is permissible when used normally. The legislator has defined acceptable methods and fair competition to maintain market order and gain profit, and traders must use these legal methods in their transactions to avoid causing disorder in the market and harm to others. This article examines the enforcement mechanisms arising from unfair commercial competition in the legal system of Afghanistan. The findings indicate that the enforcement mechanisms arising from unfair competition in the legal system of Afghanistan include: compensation for damages, restoration of the previous state, monetary fines and in some cases imprisonment.

"Hodisalar o’rtasidagi bog’lanishlarni statistik o’rganish" mavzusi statistika fanining asosiy yo‘nalishlaridan biri bo‘lib, turli jarayonlar va hodisalarning o‘zaro ta’sirini aniqlashga qaratilgan. Ushbu mavzu hodisalar o‘rtasidagi miqdoriy bog‘liqlikni o‘rganish orqali, ular orasidagi sabab-oqibat munosabatlarini tushunish imkonini beradi. Statistika usullari, xususan, korrelyatsiya va regression tahlil, dispersiya tahlili, variatsion tahlil vositasida hodisalarning o‘zaro aloqadorligi va ular o‘rtasidagi munosabatlarning kuchi baholanadi. Mazkur mavzu nazariy bilimlarni amaliyot bilan bog‘lashda alohida ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, iqtisodiyot, ijtimoiy soha, sog‘liqni saqlash, qishloq xo‘jaligi kabi turli sohalarda samarali qo‘llaniladi. Bu o‘rganishlar orqali qaror qabul qilish jarayonlarini ilmiy asosda tashkil qilish, resurslardan samarali foydalanish va rivojlanish strategiyalarini ishlab chiqish mumkin bo‘ladi. Shu sababli, statistik bog‘lanishlarni o‘rganish fan va amaliyotdagi dolzarb muammolarni hal qilishda muhim ahamiyatga ega.

Ushbu maqolada ona tilimizga yaratilayotgan imkoniyatlar, ona tilimizga doir amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar haqida ilmiy fikrlar bayon etilgan. Ilmiy fikrlar faktlarga asoslanib xulosalanadi.