Mazkur maqolada O’zbek, Ingliz va Nemis tillarining nazariy fonologiya sohasining kelib chiqishi tarixi ilk bosqichidagi umumiy va o’ziga hos jihatlari yuqoridagi tillar doirasida qiyosiy tahlil qilingan. Ushbu tadqiqotni olib borishda tipologik va chog’ishtirma metodlardan foydalanildi. Unda Eski ingliz va qadimgi yuqori nemistillari, rivojlanish davridagi katta farqqa qaramay, fonologik sathi bir-biriga o’xshashligi, qadimgi turkiy til esa so’z urg’usining beqarorligi bilan farqlanishi o’rganildi. Tillarni diaxronik fonologiyasini qiyoslashga qaratilgan izlanishlar najtijasida tilshunoslar va o’quvchilarga turli fonologik qoidalarga ega tillarni o’rganish yoki tarjima qilishdagi qiyinchiliklarni tushunishi yanada osonlashadi.

Ushbu maqolada inson huuquqlari tushunchasi, uning jamiyatdagi ahamiyati, shakllanish tarixi va zamonaviy hayotda amalga oshirilayotgan tamoyillar haqida so’z boradi. Shuningdek, inson huquqlari butun insoniyatning intilishlari, orzu-umidlarini o’ziga jamlagan keng qamrovli tushuncha ekanligi atroflicha yoritib o’tilgan. Maqola davomida inson huquqlari haqidagi sharq mutaffakir olimlarning qarashlari va fikirlari haqida alohida to’xtalib o’tilgan.

This paper examines the alarming practice of child soldier recruitment by the Houthi movement in Yemen’s ongoing armed conflict, highlighting the widespread and systematic nature of this war crime. The study focuses on the methods used by the Houthis to recruit children, some as young as eight years old, for both combat and auxiliary support roles. It delves into the devastating physical, psychological, and social consequences these children face, including injuries, permanent disabilities, and long-term trauma such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objective of this research is to analyze the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the Houthis, framing these actions as clear violations of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and human rights conventions, such as the Geneva Conventions, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). The methodology employs a qualitative approach, utilizing reports from international human rights organizations, UN documentation, and eyewitness testimonies to assess the scope of these violations. The study aims to raise awareness about the unlawful use of children in armed conflict by the Houthis and the broader societal impact on Yemen. The findings indicate that the Houthi movement systematically violates international law by conscripting and deploying child soldiers. In conclusion, the paper calls for urgent international action, including legal accountability, child protection policies, and comprehensive rehabilitation programs for former child soldiers.

The recruitment and use of child soldiers by Houthi militias in armed conflict present significant legal and humanitarian challenges. This paper examines the legal implications of these actions, focusing on the applicable international legal framework and the potential avenues for accountability. International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) unequivocally prohibit the recruitment and use of children under the age of 18 in armed forces. These prohibitions are enshrined in treaties such as the Geneva Conventions Additional Protocols; Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC); Optional Protocol to the CRC on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) (OPAC), and as well as the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Moreover, the paper uses a doctrinal approach research design to systematically collect and analyze numerical data. The goal is to measure the extent of the problem, examine the legal consequences, and identify the challenges related to the recruitment and use of child soldiers by the Houthi militias. Furthermore, evidence suggests that Houthi forces have recruited children, deployed them in combat roles, and subjected them to various forms of abuse. These actions constitute war crimes under ICC, and individuals within the Houthi hierarchy may be held criminally responsible. However, bringing perpetrators to justice faces significant challenges, including the ongoing conflict, limited access to evidence, and political obstacles. This study underscores the urgency of addressing the Houthi's use of child soldiers and the importance of ensuring accountability for these grave violations of international law.

Ushbu maqolada Saljuqiylar davlatining ma’muriy boshqaruvi, undagi davlat lavozimlari va ularning vazifalari yoritildi. Maqolada O‘rta asrlarda faoliyat yuritgan ushbu davlatning devon va boshqaruv tizimi va dargohda faoliyat ko‘rsatgan davlat lavozimlari ularning vazifalari haqida ma’lumotlar ochib berildi.