Ушбу мақолада П. Қодировнинг “Юлдузли тунлар” романидаги тарихий ва тўқима образларнинг романдаги аҳамияти, унинг тарихий асоси масалалари ёритилган.

This article covers the process of developing strength qualities in 14-15-year-old judokas, its scientific foundations, and practical methods. The influence of physiological changes in adolescence on sports training, methods of strength development used in training, and their effectiveness were scientifically analyzed. The results of experiments on the influence of a set of special exercises, plummetric exercises, paired judo exercises, and strength exercises performed in one's own weight are presented. According to the research results, the age of 14-15 is the most optimal period for the formation of strength qualities in judokas, and correctly chosen training technologies lead to a stable increase in sports results.

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the standard surgical treatment for age-related cataract, aiming to restore visual function and improve quality of life. This prospective study evaluated 80 patients who underwent cataract surgery with either monofocal (n=40) or multifocal (n=40) IOL implantation. Postoperative assessment at 1 and 3 months included uncorrected visual acuity at far, intermediate, and near distances, contrast sensitivity, visual phenomena, and patient satisfaction. Both groups achieved significant improvement in distance vision. Multifocal IOLs provided superior near and intermediate visual acuity and reduced dependence on spectacles, while monofocal IOLs showed higher contrast sensitivity and fewer visual disturbances. These findings highlight the importance of individualized IOL selection based on patient lifestyle, visual requirements, and tolerance for optical side effects to optimize functional outcomes and satisfaction after cataract surgery.

Maqolada oshqozon yarasi va o’n ikki barmoqli ichak yarasi patogenezining zamonaviy tushunchalari qisqacha bayon etilgan. Yaraning qaytalanishini va asoratlarni, shu jumladan yaradan qon ketishini oldini olish uchun Helicobacter pylori infektsiyasini yo’q qilish zarurati ta’kidlangan. Dori-darmonlarni davolash sxemalari keltirilgan va oshqozon yarasi kasalligida qo’llaniladigan turli dori vositalarining qiyosiy bahosi berilgan. Maqolada oshqozon yarasi patogenezi haqidagi so’nggi qarashlar qisqacha bayon etilgan, takroriy yaralar va asoratlarni, shu jumladan yarali qon ketishining oldini olish uchun Helicobacter pylori infektsiyasini yo’q qilish zarurati ta’kidlangan, dori-darmonlarni qabul qilish sxemalari berilgan va oshqozon yarasida qo’llaniladigan turli dorilar qiyosiy baholangan. Rossiya Sog’liqni saqlash vazirligining bosh gastroenterologi, prof. P.Y. Grigoryev, Rossiya davlat tibbiyot universiteti. Prof. P.Ya. Grigoryev, Rossiya davlat tibbiyot universiteti, Rossiya Federatsiyasi Sog’liqni saqlash vazirligi bosh gastroenterologi.

This study investigates the biogeochemical composition of the atmosphere in the southern regions of Uzbekistan (Surkhondarya and Kashkadarya regions). The research identifies the natural and anthropogenic sources of air pollutants, characterises the physicochemical composition of dust–aerosol particles (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), and demonstrates their significance within an integrated environmental monitoring system. Seasonal sampling campaigns were conducted at five monitoring sites from 2023 to 2024. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were employed to quantify heavy metal concentrations, while ion chromatography determined major anion and cation profiles. Biogeochemical indices (Igeo, PI, ERI) were computed for each site, and spatial distribution was mapped using GIS. Results indicate that PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀ concentrations exceed WHO guideline values by 3–7-fold during summer, with heavy metals Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, and Cu showing marked seasonal peaks. Source apportionment attributes 52% of PM₁₀ to soil erosion and dust storms, 21% to industrial emissions, and 14% to transport. Ecological risk assessment classified two sites in Surkhondarya Valley as 'moderately hazardous' and one as 'highly hazardous'. Integration of biogeochemical analysis into routine monitoring is scientifically substantiated and recommended.