This article critically reconsiders the conventional distinction between developed and developing countries. It argues that this binary classification is no longer analytically adequate, as it obscures historical responsibility, ignores colonial legacies, and presents hierarchical global relations as natural and neutral

This article investigates the inherent dynamism and fluidity of Hanafi jurisprudence in its capacity to accommodate varying temporal and spatial contexts. From its inception, the Hanafi school has been deeply intertwined with the socio-political, economic, and cultural developments of Muslim societies, consistently endeavoring to address evolving circumstances and respond to the exigencies imposed by changing times and environments.

Mazkur maqolada sun'iy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalari asosida qurilgan adaptiv ta'lim tizimlarining oliy ta'lim muassasalarida individuallashtirilgan o'qitishni takomillashtirishdagi imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan

Iqtisodiy xavfsizlik har bir davlatning barqaror rivojlanishi, milliy mustaqilligi va ijtimoiy farovonligini ta’minlaydigan eng muhim omillardan biridir. U mamlakat iqtisodiyotining tashqi va ichki tahdidlarga qarshi tura olish qobiliyatini, resurslardan samarali foydalanishni hamda iqtisodiy tizimning uzluksiz va barqaror ishlashini ifodalaydi. Zamonaviy globallashuv jarayonida davlatlar o‘rtasidagi iqtisodiy aloqalarning chuqurlashuvi bilan birga turli xil xavf-xatarlar ham ortib bormoqda. Shu sababli iqtisodiy xavfsizlikni ta’minlash masalasi har bir mamlakat uchun strategik ahamiyat kasb etadi.

Mamlakatning iqtisodiy xavfsizligini ta’minlash zamonaviy davlat boshqaruvida eng muhim va dolzarb yo‘nalishlardan biri hisoblanadi. Iqtisodiy xavfsizlik davlatning milliy manfaatlarini himoya qilish, iqtisodiy tizimning barqaror ishlashini ta’minlash hamda ichki va tashqi tahdidlarga qarshi turish qobiliyatini ifodalaydi. Shu sababli har bir davlat o‘z iqtisodiy xavfsizligini mustahkamlashga qaratilgan samarali mexanizmlarni ishlab chiqadi va amalga oshiradi.