Ushbu maqolada milliy qadriyatlar asosida vatanparvarlik tarbiyasining mazmun-mohiyati, uning jamiyat hayotidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati keng yoritilgan. Milliy qadriyatlarning vatanparvarlik ruhini shakllantirishdagi taʼsiri, tarbiya jarayonidagi usullari va zamonaviy yondashuvlar haqida aniq maʼlumotlar berilgan. Shuningdek, bugungi globallashuv sharoitida milliy g‘oya va qadriyatlarni asrash orqali yuksak vatanparvarlik tuyg‘usini tarbiyalash masalalari tahlil etilgan.

The civil liability of physicians in Islamic jurisprudence and the statutory laws of Afghanistan is one of the complex and sensitive issues in medical law, referring to the responsibility of doctors towards patients and the consequences resulting from their medical actions. Civil liability of a physician means their obligation to compensate for financial, physical, or emotional damages caused to patients. This liability typically arises when a doctor fails to fulfill their duties or performs unauthorized or negligent medical procedures. The aim of this study is to examine the conditions and circumstances under which physicians are held civilly liable under Islamic jurisprudence and Afghan statutory law. The central question of this research is: under what conditions and circumstances is a physician liable according to Islamic jurisprudence and Afghanistan’s laws? It appears that if a physician causes harm to a patient due to negligence, lack of caution, or excessive treatment, they are considered liable. This research is conducted through library-based sources and employs a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that a physician cannot be deemed absolutely liable or entirely acquitted; rather, they are liable in cases where they fail to obtain prior consent (discharge of liability), lack sufficient expertise, or commit negligence. Otherwise, they are not considered liable.

Ushbu maqolada ramziy interaksionizm nazariyasining asosiy tamoyillari chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot asosida Blumer (1969), Mead (1934), Cooley (1902), Goffman (1959), Stryker (1980), Denzin (1992), Schutz (1967), Garfinkel (1967) kabi nazariya asoschilari va zamonaviy izlanishlar natijalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqola ramziy interaksionizmning asosiy g‘oyalari – ma’no qurilishi, o‘zaro ta’sirning roli, shaxsning shakllanishi va ijtimoiy konstruktsiyalarni anglash mexanizmlarini keng ko‘lamda ilmiy ma’lumotlar, raqamlar va statistik dalillar yordamida tahlil qiladi. Natijalar sotsiologiya, psixologiya va ijtimoiy psixologiya fanlariga amaliy va nazariy hissa qo‘shadi.

В статье рассматривается значение научно-исследовательской деятельности в педагогике как инструмента поиска эффективных форм работы с детьми старшего дошкольного возраста. Особое внимание уделено использованию квест-игр как средства формирования навыков сотрудничества у детей 6–7 лет. Представлены результаты анализа теоретических подходов и обозначены практические рекомендации по организации квест-игр в образовательной деятельности.

Ushbu maqola ta'lim muassasalarida fuqaro muhofazasi tadbirlarini o‘tkazish va hujjatlarini ishlab chiqish masalalariga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada fuqaro muhofazasi tadbirlarining ta'lim muassasalarida ahamiyati, asosiy qoidalari, tashkilotlar tomonidan bajarilishi kerak bo‘lgan vazifalar va hujjatlarni tayyorlashda e'tibor berilishi lozim bo‘lgan masalalar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadbirlar o‘quvchilarning xavfsizligini ta'minlash, favqulodda vaziyatlarga tayyor turish va evakuatsiya rejalari orqali muassasada xavfsizlikni mustahkamlashni maqsad qiladi. Maqola, shuningdek, hujjatlarni takomillashtirish, innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish va muntazam yangilanishlarning ahamiyatini ta'kidlaydi.