The teaching of phraseological units in English, including idioms, collocations, and fixed expressions, presents unique challenges for language learners. Traditional methods often emphasize rote memorization, which may not effectively facilitate understanding or retention. This article explores the implementation of a learner-centered approach (LCA) in teaching English phraseological units, highlighting strategies that promote active engagement, contextual learning, and personalization. By examining theoretical frameworks and practical applications, this study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of LCA in enhancing learners' comprehension and use of phraseological units.

Дуальное обучение это такой вид обучения, при котором теоритическая часть подготовки проходит на базе образовательной организации, а практическая – на рабочем месте. Предприятия делают заказ образовательным учреждениям на конкретное количество специалистов, работадатели принимают участие в составлении учебной программы.

Menopause is a critical transitional phase in a woman’s life characterized by the cessation of ovarian function and the end of menstruation. It is often accompanied by a range of physical, emotional, and metabolic symptoms that vary in intensity and duration. Recent research indicates that vitamin D plays a significant role not only in bone metabolism but also in the modulation of menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of the menopausal course in women diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency and determine how hypovitaminosis D influences the severity of menopausal manifestations. The study revealed a notable correlation between low serum levels of vitamin D and the severity of vasomotor symptoms, mood disorders, sleep disturbances, and musculoskeletal pain. This research underlines the importance of monitoring and correcting vitamin D levels in peri- and postmenopausal women to reduce symptom burden and improve overall quality of life. The menopausal period represents a pivotal phase in the physiological aging process of women, characterized by profound hormonal, psychological, and metabolic transitions. Beyond the well-documented decline in estrogen levels, micronutrient imbalances—particularly vitamin D deficiency—have emerged as critical modifiers of menopausal health outcomes. This study explores the intricate interplay between hypovitaminosis D and the clinical progression of menopause, focusing on symptom intensity, systemic complications, and quality of life implications. The investigation, conducted on a representative cohort of postmenopausal women, revealed a significant amplification of menopausal discomfort in individuals with deficient serum vitamin D levels. Notably, manifestations such as thermal dysregulation, cognitive disturbances, emotional instability, and skeletal complaints were disproportionately prevalent in this subgroup. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic target in vitamin D optimization to mitigate the climacteric burden and promote healthier aging trajectories among menopausal populations.

Bul maqalada Qaraqalpaqlardıń qosıqshılıq óneri, xalıq qosıqları óziniń tematikası, mazmunı jaǵınan oǵada bay, úlken janr ekenligi, xalıq qosıqlarınıń tematikası júdá keń túrde berilip, xalıq qosıqları hár qıylı turmıs sharayatlarına baylanısqan halda dóregenligi haqqında sóz etiledi.

Ushbu maqolada Alisher Navoiy tomonidan yozilgan “Sab’ayi Sayyor” dostoni asosida psixologik ifoda vositalari tahlil qilinadi. Unda asardagi qahramonlarning ichki kechinmalari, aqliy va hissiy kurashlari, tafakkurdagi o‘zgarishlar badiiy tasvir usullari orqali yoritilgan. Navoiy o‘zining yuqori badiiy mahorati bilan inson qalbidagi murakkab ruhiy jarayonlarni obrazlar vositasida aks ettirishga erishgan.