This article, based on the work of A.G. Nedvetsky, describes the reign of Emir Abdulahad, who ruled in Bukhara, and describes the social life of the state during his reign, as well as his policy with the Russian Empire. His services to Islam are also mentioned.

The teaching of phraseological units in English, including idioms, collocations, and fixed expressions, presents unique challenges for language learners. Traditional methods often emphasize rote memorization, which may not effectively facilitate understanding or retention. This article explores the implementation of a learner-centered approach (LCA) in teaching English phraseological units, highlighting strategies that promote active engagement, contextual learning, and personalization. By examining theoretical frameworks and practical applications, this study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of LCA in enhancing learners' comprehension and use of phraseological units.

This article explores the poetic interpretation of the bakhshi-style in the works of Usmon A’zim, one of the prominent figures in Uzbek poetry. The research focuses on the influence of oral folk traditions, particularly the lyrical and musical elements of the bakhshi art form. Key poetic devices such as repetition, oral constructions, musicality, and emotional expression are analyzed in the context of the poet’s work.

Mazkur maqolada tilshunoslikdagi polifunksionallik hodisasi nazariy jihatdan ko‘rib chiqiladi. Til birliklarining bir vaqtning o‘zida bir necha vazifani bajarish xususiyati lingvistik tizimning murakkabligini, ijtimoiy-kommunikativ muhitga moslashuvchanligini ifodalaydi. Maqoladagi polifunksionallik tushunchasining mohiyati, turli til darajalarida namoyon bo‘lishi, kontekst bilan bog‘liqligi va amaliy tilshunoslikdagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. Shuningdek, bir qator olimlarning polifunksionallik haqidagi nazariyalari tilga olinadi.

Qon organizmning eng muhim to’qimalaridan biridir. Qon, limfa va to’qimalar aro suyuqligi organizmning ichki muhitini tashkil qiladi. Organizmning barcha to’qima va hujayralari fizik-kimyoviy xossalari va tarkibi nisbatan doimiy bo’ladigan ana shu suyuqliklarning muhitidagina normal yashay oladi. Issiq qonli (gomoyoterm) hayvonlar qoni uzoq davom etgan evolyutsiya mahsulidir. Oddiy bir hujayrali hayvonlarda qon yo’q. Ular hayoti uchun zarur moddalarni hujayra po’sti orqali oladi, chiqindi keraksiz moddalarni ham ana shu yo’l orqali chiqarib tashlaydi. Zoologik silsilaning pastki bosqichlarida turadigan hayvonlarning tomirlari ichida suvsimon suyuqlik-gidrolimfa oqadi. Uning tarkibida oqsillar va boshqa azotli moddalar kam bo’ladi. Bir muncha yuqoriroq taraqqiy etgan hayvonlarda gemolimfa paydo bo’ladi.