In our study, we examined white laboratory rats born from control and experimental mothers with hypothyroidism. As a result of morphological analysis of the pancreas in different periods of postnatal ontogenesis, significant changes in the delay in the development and formation of individual components of the vascular wall were revealed compared to the control group. From the first days after the start of the experiment, changes in the arterial wall were noted in all experimental animals. The results show that morphological changes in the cells of the pancreas and its blood vessels occur in the offspring born from mothers with hypothyroidism.

Reading plays a vital role in English language acquisition as it helps learners improve vocabulary, grammar, and comprehension skills. Through reading, students are exposed to various sentence structures, idiomatic expressions, and contextual usage of words, which enhances their language proficiency. It also increases motivation and interest in learning, especially when learners choose materials that match their interests and level. Reading not only develops language input but also supports other language skills such as writing and speaking. Furthermore, it encourages independent learning and critical thinking. Effective reading strategies and regular reading habits can significantly speed up the process of acquiring English. Therefore, reading is considered one of the most effective and accessible tools in second language learning.

This paper examines the main characteristics of intrapersonal communication, which refers to the internal dialogue a person has with themselves. It involves processes such as thinking, analyzing emotions, self-evaluation, and decision-making. The study highlights the significant role of intrapersonal communication in shaping human behavior, self-awareness, and emotional intelligence. It also explores how this form of communication contributes to problem-solving, goal-setting, and self-motivation. Based on psychological perspectives, the paper emphasizes that intrapersonal communication serves as a vital foundation for effective interpersonal relationships and overall mental well-being.

Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasida temir yo‘l transporti infratuzilmasini modernizatsiyalash jarayonini samarali boshqarish masalalari chuqur tahlil qilingan. Respublikada transport-kommunikatsiya tarmoqlarini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha olib borilayotgan islohotlar kontekstida temir yo‘l infratuzilmasining ahamiyati, u orqali iqtisodiy o‘sish, hududlararo integratsiya, eksport-import salohiyatini kengaytirish va logistika tizimini takomillashtirish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan. Maqolada temir yo‘l tizimidagi mavjud infratuzilmaning holati, eskirgan texnika va texnologiyalar, tashish jarayonlaridagi logistik to‘siqlar, hamda moliyalashtirish mexanizmlaridagi muammolar tahlil etilgan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy boshqaruv texnologiyalarini joriy qilish, avtomatlashtirilgan nazorat tizimlarini kengaytirish, raqamli transformatsiya va xorijiy ilg‘or tajribalarni milliy sharoitga moslashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari surilgan. Muallif tomonidan, temir yo‘l infratuzilmasini modernizatsiyalash bo‘yicha milliy strategiyani ishlab chiqish, davlat-xususiy sheriklik asosidagi loyihalarni faollashtirish, logistika markazlarini tashkil etish va tranzit imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish kabi strategik yo‘nalishlar asosida taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Bunda har bir taklifning iqtisodiy samaradorligi, investitsiyaviy jozibadorligi va uzoq muddatli ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy natijalari asoslab berilgan.

Атрофдаги оламни билиш - унинг моделларини яратишдан иборат. Улар ушбу олам объектлари билан бизнинг ўзаро таъсиримиз оқибатларини кўриш имконини беради. Моделларни яратиш инсон тафаккурининг ташкилий тузилишини такомиллаштириш жараёни ҳисобланади. Мазкур психологик ташкилий тузилиш мақсадга йўналган ҳаракатлар кўринишида моддийликка айланади, уларни инсон ўзида мавжуд моделлар асосида амалга оширади. Ушбу мақолада математик моделлаштиришнинг асосий масалалари ҳақида фикрлар ёритилган.