Ushbu maqolada xalq og‘zaki ijodining qadimiy va keng tarqalgan janrlari bo‘lgan maqol va matallarning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari, ularning o‘zaro farqlari hamda har birining jamiyatda tutgan o‘rni ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Maqol va matallar xalqning tarixiy tajribasi, dunyoqarashi, axloqiy mezonlari va estetik didini ifodalovchi vosita sifatida qaralib, ularning tuzilishi, ma’no chuqurligi va ishlatilish konteksti asosida tafovutlari aniqlanadi. Shuningdek, maqolda nasihat va umumlashtirilgan fikr kuchli bo‘lsa, matalda esa qisqalik, kinoya va obrazlilik ustuvor ekani misollar asosida ko‘rsatiladi. Maqola tilshunoslik, folklorshunoslik hamda madaniyatshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan yozilgan bo‘lib, o‘zbek xalq ijodining boy merosini chuqurroq tushunishga xizmat qiladi.

Modernizing national curricula has become a global priority in the effort to prepare young learners for the demands of the 21st century. This article explores how curriculum modernization affects primary education, focusing on changes in content, pedagogy, assessment, and equity. It considers both the opportunities and challenges associated with implementing modern educational frameworks, especially in the context of technological advancement and diverse learner needs. The article concludes that while modernization brings numerous benefits—including enhanced engagement, digital literacy, and inclusiveness—it must be carefully managed to ensure that all students benefit equally.

Since gaining independence in 1991, Uzbekistan has undergone substantial transformations in its education system, particularly in primary education. The government has prioritized educational reform as a key driver of national development, aligning its efforts with global standards and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article reviews the major reforms in Uzbekistan’s primary education sector, highlighting notable achievements such as curriculum modernization, improved infrastructure, and expanded access to early childhood education. It also discusses persistent challenges, including disparities in rural education, teacher training needs, and systemic implementation gaps. The analysis underscores the importance of sustained policy commitment, capacity building, and inclusive approaches for long-term success.

This article is about modern landscape design.

Maqala «Jınayıy qılmıs hám aqıbet arasındaǵı sebepli baylanıs» temasın úyreniwge qaratılǵan bolıp, jınayat hám onıń aqıbetleri arasındaǵı óz-ara baylanıslardı analiz etedi. Jınayatlardı islewge sebep bolatuǵın sociallıq, ekonomikalıq hám psixologiyalıq faktorlar, sonday-aq, jınayattıń jámiyetke tásiri hám onıń aqıbetleri túsindiriledi. Maqalada, sonday-aq, sırt el tájiriybelerine tiykarlanıp, jınayatshılıqtıń aldın alıw hám aqıbetlerin azaytıw ushın sociallıq sistemalardıń rolin úyreniw, jınayat hám jazalar arasındaǵı sebepli baylanıstı túsiniwge járdem beredi. Ózbekstan Respublikası hám basqa da rawajlanǵan mámleketlerdiń huqıqıy sistemalarındaǵı qatnaslar da usınılıp, jınayat hám onıń aqıbetleri arasındaǵı sebepli baylanıstı azaytıw ushın nátiyjeli ilajlar keltiriledi.