In this study, a sample building was simulated in order to simultaneously examine energy savings and the economic aspects resulting from thermal insulation. By modeling the sample space under the climatic conditions of Herat, characterized by cold winters and hot summers, the annual heating and cooling energy consumption of the building was calculated using common insulation materials widely used in Afghanistan for external walls. In addition, the amount of heating and cooling energy saved through insulation was determined. The cost of insulating the walls, including the cost of the insulation material, labor, transportation, and other related expenses, was also estimated. Finally, by calculating the break-even point, the payback period for the insulation investment based on the achieved energy savings was obtained. The results indicate that the initial cost of insulating the building walls is recovered after approximately six years. Furthermore, the most economical wall for insulation was found to be the southern wall with the recommended Preen concrete block insulation, which had a payback period of about 41 months. This payback duration is reasonable and fully justifies the application of wall insulation from an economic standpoint.

Ushbu maqolada Atoyi ijodida tashbehi izmorning mohironalik bilan ishlatilishi, bu san’atning Atoyi g‘azallari mazmuniga qo‘shgan nozik ma’no qochirimlari tahlillar orqali yoritib berilgan. O‘z ijodiga badiiy san’atlar bilan yuksak darajada zeb bera olgan va o‘quvchilar tuyg‘ularini o‘ynata olgan Atoyi tashbehi izmorning klassik namunalaridan foydalangan holda she’rlaridagi har bir tasvirda yashirin o‘xshatishlar orqali kitobxon qalbida estetik zavq uyg‘ota olgan. G‘azallar tahlili orqali ijodkorning tabiat va dunyo unsurlaridan foydalangan holda tashbehi izmor san’ati orqali ma’no tagiga qo‘shimcha ma’no yuklash mahoratining guvohi bo‘lishimiz mumkin.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and disability among young individuals. Early assessment of injury severity and accurate outcome prediction remain challenging, as clinical evaluation alone often fails to reflect the true extent of brain tissue and meningeal damage. This study aimed to optimize diagnostic methods and develop a prognostic model by integrating clinical evaluation, neuroimaging, and laboratory biomarkers in 100 young TBI patients admitted to the Andijan Branch of the Republican Scientific Center of Emergency Medical Care (AF RSCEMC). Key biomarkers, including GFAP, UCH-L1, S100B, and NFL, were analyzed for their association with injury severity and recovery outcomes. The integrated diagnostic–prognostic model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (sensitivity 87%, specificity 82%, overall accuracy 85%), enabling early identification of high-risk patients and guiding targeted interventions. The findings support the implementation of biomarker-informed, individualized management strategies to improve treatment outcomes in young TBI patients.

Ushbu maqolada o‘tkir va surunkali pankreatitlarning jarrohlik yo‘li bilan davolash usullari tahlil qilinadi. Pankreatit kasalligida jarrohlik aralashuvining maqsadi — o‘pka, buyrak, va yurak-tomir tizimlaridagi ikkilamchi asoratlarning oldini olish, shuningdek, yiringli va nekrotik jarayonlarni bartaraf etishdir. Maqolada pankreatitning patogeneziga, tasnifiga, shuningdek, hozirgi zamon jarrohlik usullarining afzallik va kamchiliklariga nazariy asosda yondashilgan.

Ushbu maqolada xitoy tili frazeologiyasi (成语学, 惯用语学) va paremiologiyasida (谚语学) toponimlarning lingvokulturologik, kognitiv va pragmatik funksiyalari keng ko‘lamda tahlil qilinadi. Xitoy tili misolida toponimlarning geografik nom sifatidagi dastlabki vazifasidan chetga chiqib, tarixiy alluziya, madaniy kod, mintaqaviy stereotip, mental xarita elementi, konseptual dominanta va metaforik sema sifatida namoyon bo‘lishi ilmiy asosda ochib beriladi. Tadqiqotda xitoy toponimlari asosida shakllanadigan “madaniy-geografik metafora”, “markaz–chekka paradigmasi”, “madaniy relyef”, “tarixiy-kognitiv qatlam” kabi yangi konseptual modellarning frazeologik va paremiologik birliklar tarkibidagi roli hamda ularning milliy tafakkur, ijtimoiy me’yor va madaniy identitetni shakllantirish jarayonidagi o‘rni ilk bor kompleks yondashuv asosida o‘rganilgan. Maqola natijalari xitoy tilini lingvokulturologik aspektda o‘rganishda, til–madaniyat munosabatlarini tahlil qilishda, shuningdek, frazeologik birliklar semantikasini kognitiv yondashuv asosida sharhlashda nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatga ega.