The article examines the theoretical foundations of pilgrimage discourse and the role of religious metaphors within it, drawing on cognitive and discourse-based approaches. The concept of “ziyorat/pilgrimage” is described in lexical and semantic terms and, on the basis of English and Uzbek texts, is interpreted through the leading metaphorical models of spiritual journey, purification and healing. The comparative analysis demonstrates that these metaphors function as an effective linguo-cognitive means of representing the pilgrim’s inner spiritual experience, shaping notions of sacredness and conveying religious values.

Mazkur maqolada Orolbo‘yi hududida yashovchi xotin-qizlarning jismoniy faolligini oshirishda jismoniy mashqlar va sportning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Hududdagi ekologik muammolar, iqlim o‘zgarishlari hamda ijtimoiy omillarning ayollar salomatligiga ta’siri tahlil qilinib, jismoniy tarbiya vositalari orqali sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishning samarali usullari ko‘rsatib berilgan. Shuningdek, xotin-qizlarni sport faoliyatiga jalb etishning pedagogik, ijtimoiy va sog‘lomlashtiruvchi jihatlari ilmiy asosda bayon etilgan.

This article examines the relationship between high-technology development and industrial goods export potential across six EU member states - Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Poland and Romania - and derives implications for Uzbekistan. Drawing on Eurostat, OECD, and Uzbekistan official data for 2015–2025, a Fixed Effects panel regression (N = 270; β = 10.35; p < 0.001; Adj. R² = 0.621) confirms a statistically significant positive impact of R&D intensity on industrial output. Uzbekistan's high-tech export share stands at only 2.8% of total exports against R&D spending of 0.17 - 0.20% of GDP - below even the EU's weakest performer. A six-recommendation framework (R1–R6), grounded in EU precedents, defines concrete pathways to expand Uzbekistan's high-technology industrial export potential by 2030.

Mazkur maqolada Istiqlol davri oʻzbek adabiyotida oʻz oʻrniga ega Jurnalist va yozuvchi Xurshid Do‘stmuhammadning “Jajman” hikoyasi tahlilga olindi. Ushbu hikoyada ramziy obrazlar orqali yetkazib berilgan bir hikoyada aslida “Jajman” deb nomlangan rasmiy obraz orqali aslida ijodkor “nafs” degan yomon illatni nazarda tutgandir? Maqolda shular tahlilga olinadi.

This article discusses the scientific and methodological foundations of improving functional capacity in wrestlers during the pre-competition training period. It analyzes the development of general and special physical fitness, improvement of cardiovascular and respiratory system functions, and proper planning of training loads. In addition, the effectiveness of modern methods and tools used in pre-competition preparation is highlighted.