The article examines the theoretical foundations of pilgrimage discourse and the role of religious metaphors within it, drawing on cognitive and discourse-based approaches. The concept of “ziyorat/pilgrimage” is described in lexical and semantic terms and, on the basis of English and Uzbek texts, is interpreted through the leading metaphorical models of spiritual journey, purification and healing. The comparative analysis demonstrates that these metaphors function as an effective linguo-cognitive means of representing the pilgrim’s inner spiritual experience, shaping notions of sacredness and conveying religious values.

Ushbu maqolada Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy she’riyatida lirik qahramon nutqi gender yondashuv asosida tahlil qilindi. Erkak va ayol obrazlari nutqining tafovuti, xususan, ular qanday mavzularda farqli, qaysi mavzularda o‘xshash ekanligi, ulardagi o‘ziga xos poetik vositalar hamda ifoda usullari tahlil qilinishi natijasida Hamza lirikasida polifoniya-ko‘p ovozlilik hodisasi mavjudligi aniqlandi.

This article examines the relationship between high-technology development and industrial goods export potential across six EU member states - Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Poland and Romania - and derives implications for Uzbekistan. Drawing on Eurostat, OECD, and Uzbekistan official data for 2015–2025, a Fixed Effects panel regression (N = 270; β = 10.35; p < 0.001; Adj. R² = 0.621) confirms a statistically significant positive impact of R&D intensity on industrial output. Uzbekistan's high-tech export share stands at only 2.8% of total exports against R&D spending of 0.17 - 0.20% of GDP - below even the EU's weakest performer. A six-recommendation framework (R1–R6), grounded in EU precedents, defines concrete pathways to expand Uzbekistan's high-technology industrial export potential by 2030.

Mazkur maqolada akademik eshkak eshish sport turining Olimpiya o‘yinlaridagi rivojlanish bosqichlari, sportchilarning natijalari hamda musobaqa samaradorligiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, zamonaviy tayyorgarlik metodlari, jismoniy sifatlarning rivojlanishi va xalqaro musobaqalardagi natijalar asosida ilmiy xulosalar berilgan. Olimpiya o‘yinlarida yuqori natijalarga erishishda texnik, taktik va funksional tayyorgarlikning ahamiyati yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada Orolbo‘yi hududida yashovchi xotin-qizlarning jismoniy faolligini oshirishda jismoniy mashqlar va sportning ahamiyati yoritilgan. Hududdagi ekologik muammolar, iqlim o‘zgarishlari hamda ijtimoiy omillarning ayollar salomatligiga ta’siri tahlil qilinib, jismoniy tarbiya vositalari orqali sog‘lom turmush tarzini shakllantirishning samarali usullari ko‘rsatib berilgan. Shuningdek, xotin-qizlarni sport faoliyatiga jalb etishning pedagogik, ijtimoiy va sog‘lomlashtiruvchi jihatlari ilmiy asosda bayon etilgan.