Dunyo bo‘ylab shaharlar jiddiy muammo — havo ifloslanishi bilan yuzma-yuz kelmoqda. Ushbu maqolada yirik shaharlarda havo ifloslanishining asosiy sabablari, uning ekologik va ijtimoiy oqibatlari hamda muammoni kamaytirish yo‘llari keng qamrovda tahlil qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada globallashuv va raqamli transformatsiya sharoitida shaxs, jamiyat va davlat xavfsizligini ta’minlashning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda mediasavodxonlik axborot manipulyatsiyasiga qarshi turish mexanizmi sifatida, kiberxavfsizlik esa raqamli infratuzilmani himoya qilishning texnik asosi sifatida o‘rganilgan.

Juvenile criminal responsibility constitutes one of the fundamental and challenging issues in criminal law and the juvenile criminal justice system. This research is conducted with the aim of clarifying the scope and limits of children’s criminal responsibility within the legal system of Afghanistan. The principal research question addresses the legal bases and criteria upon which such responsibility is determined, particularly across different age stages.

This article critically reconsiders the conventional distinction between developed and developing countries. It argues that this binary classification is no longer analytically adequate, as it obscures historical responsibility, ignores colonial legacies, and presents hierarchical global relations as natural and neutral

This article comprehensively describes the professional activities of Associate Professor Sarvar Azizov of Kokand State University and his contributions to the field of music. The article also introduces methods and teaching materials that can be used in educational lessons.