Abstract. The English Renaissance, a period of profound cultural transformation and artistic achievement in the 16th and 17th centuries, produced a body of dramatic literature that is a testament to the complexity of the human condition. This extensive article delves into the complex interplay between lexical-semantic choice and socio-spiritual context in the portrayal of prominent figures in English Renaissance drama. Drawing on the works of eminent playwrights such as William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and others, this extensive study seeks to unravel the linguistic nuances and social values that shaped the representation of great human figures, exploring ideals, moral dilemmas and socio-spiritual era parameters.