В работе детально разбираются примеры Саудовской Аравии, ОАЭ и Катара. При этом ключевой интерес представляет не экономическая статистика, а политическая механика изменений. Как именно устроен процесс: кто и как принимает стратегические решения, какие новые институты создаются для планирования на десятилетия вперед и как эти грандиозные планы проходят проверку реальностью? Основа для выводов - три типа источников: официальные стратегии «видения», отчеты международных организаций и оценки отраслевых экспертов. Их сопоставление показывает общие черты - например, ставку на технологический скачок - и важные различия в подходах к реализации. Итоговая мысль смещается в область политики. Получается, что глубинная цель этих преобразований - не только диверсифицировать экономику. Это, в первую очередь, адаптивный механизм для самой государственной власти, позволяющий ей не просто выживать в новой сложной среде, но и пытаться активно влиять на правила игры в ней.

This article examines the possibilities of using compensation and supercompensation mechanisms within the system of modifying training loads during competitive and inter-competitive cycles, taking into account the phased increase of training loads and the development of athletes’ work capacity based on long-term scientific research. Systems for modifying training loads based on the assessment of the athlete’s current condition and the identification of training shifts make it possible to intensify the training process and increase its effectiveness.

In this paper writer purposes to explore core poit of views of scholars’ about problem-based learning, its importance in foreign language teaching classes and its features. Also, stages of implementing problem-based learning in a classroom was explained. The research was conducted as an interview by asking some questions to identify benefits of Problem-based learning approach in developing speaking skills.

Mazkur maqolada 4–10 yoshdagi bolalar kiyimlari va o‘yinchoqlarida o‘zbek tilidagi yozuvlar hamda milliy qahramonlar nomi va so‘zlaridan foydalanishning ijtimoiy-madaniy va tarbiyaviy ahamiyati yoritiladi. Bolalar mahsulotlarida chet tillardagi tasodifiy yozuvlar o‘rniga ona tilidagi mazmunli birliklardan foydalanish bolalarda milliy o‘zlikni anglash va tilga hurmat tuyg‘usini shakllantirishi ta’kidlanadi. Shuningdek, milliy qahramonlar obrazlari orqali bolalarda ijobiy xulq-atvor, vatanparvarlik va axloqiy qadriyatlarni singdirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi.

Linking mathematics education with real-life processes is one of the priority directions of modern pedagogy, and particularly in the context of academic lyceums it is essential to develop students’ awareness of the practical significance of mathematical knowledge as well as their ability to apply it in future professional activities. This article provides an in-depth scientific and methodological analysis of the economic meaning of the integral concept and substantiates the role of integrals in modeling continuous economic processes, including total cost, total revenue, production dynamics over time, savings, and consumption processes. It is demonstrated that modeling economic processes through integrals enables students to connect the theoretical foundations of mathematical analysis with real economic situations, thereby fostering analytical thinking and functional literacy on the basis of sound scientific arguments [1], [5].