This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations for designing test tasks based on the STEAM approach in primary school mathematics lessons. Within an integrative approach, a model for developing test items, a mechanism for classifying them according to Bloom’s taxonomy levels, and the results of experimental research are scientifically presented. The findings of the study indicate that STEAM-based test tasks contribute to the development of students’ logical, critical, and creative thinking competencies.

Ochildimurod Miriy o’zbek klassik adabiyotida zullisonaynlik, ya’ni ikki tillilik an’anasini lirikada ham epik poeziyada ham muvaffaqiyat bilan davom ettirgan qalamkashlardan hisoblanadi.

Juvenile criminal responsibility constitutes one of the fundamental and challenging issues in criminal law and the juvenile criminal justice system. This research is conducted with the aim of clarifying the scope and limits of children’s criminal responsibility within the legal system of Afghanistan. The principal research question addresses the legal bases and criteria upon which such responsibility is determined, particularly across different age stages.

Ushbu maqola ingliz tilidagi so‘rov nutq aktlarining funksional va semantik turlarini pragmatik tilshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan tahlil etildi. Shuningdek, tadqiqotda Austin va Searle tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan nutq aktlari nazariyasi metodologik asos sifatida qo‘llanildi. So‘rov nutq aktlari bevosita va bilvosita turlarga bo‘linib, har birining sintaktik, semantik va pragmatik xususiyatlari ochib berildi.

Ushbu maqolada globallashuv va raqamli transformatsiya sharoitida shaxs, jamiyat va davlat xavfsizligini ta’minlashning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari tahlil qilingan. Tadqiqotda mediasavodxonlik axborot manipulyatsiyasiga qarshi turish mexanizmi sifatida, kiberxavfsizlik esa raqamli infratuzilmani himoya qilishning texnik asosi sifatida o‘rganilgan.