Affix productivity in Modern English represents a dynamic aspect of morphological development, reflecting both linguistic innovation and functional necessity. Derivational and inflectional affixes contribute significantly to word formation, enabling the language to expand its lexicon efficiently. Among the most productive affixes are -ness, -er, -less, and -ize, which continue to generate new lexical items in contemporary usage. The degree of affix productivity varies based on frequency, semantic transparency, and the openness of lexical categories they attach to. Productive affixes tend to be more flexible and are often used in neologisms and informal contexts. Recent linguistic studies have shown that technological, social, and cultural changes heavily influence affix usage and productivity rates. Furthermore, corpus-based approaches help quantify affix productivity and track morphological trends in real-world data. Understanding affix productivity is essential not only for morphological theory but also for practical

Mazkur mavzuda XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida Toshkent shahrining demografik holati, aholining milliy, ijtimoiy va kasbiy tarkibidagi oʻzgarishlar tahlil qilinadi. Rossiya imperiyasi tomonidan Toshkentning bosib olinishi va bu davrda olib borilgan siyosiy, iqtisodiy islohotlar shaharning aholisi soni va tarkibida sezilarli oʻzgarishlarga olib kelgan. Ayniqsa, rus aholisi ulushining ortishi, yangi mahallalar va sanoat tumanlarining vujudga kelishi, migratsiya jarayonlari natijasida aholi tarkibining xilma-xillashuvi kabi omillar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, bu oʻzgarishlarning shaharning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy hayotiga ta’siri ham yoritiladi.

Проблема технологического образования возникла одновременно с появлением общественного трудового опыта, исторически ее корни уходят в глубину веков, ко времени образования общественно-экономических формаций.

Ushbu maqola punktuatsiya tushunchasini va uning til ta'limidagi o'rnini o'rganishga bag'ishlangan. Tadqiqot adabiyotlar tahlili asosida olib borilgan bo'lib, punktuatsiyaning tilshunoslikdagi nazariy asoslari, ta'limdagi pedagogik yondashuvlar va zamonaviy o'qitish metodlari tahlil qilingan. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, punktuatsiya nafaqat yozma nutqni tashkil etuvchi texnik vosita, balki ma'no yaratish va kommunikativ samaradorlikni ta'minlovchi muhim til elementi hisoblanadi. Ta'lim jarayonida punktuatsiyani o'qitishning samarali metodlari ishlab chiqish uchun uning linguistik va pragmatik funksiyalarini chuqur anglash zarur.

This article discusses the specific features of children's communication with adults and peers, the specific features of communication of older preschool children with peers, and the characteristics of a child's communication.