Ushbu maqolada Qashqar rubobining kelib chiqishi, o‘zbek xalqining musiqa madaniyatidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Tadqiqot jarayonida tarixiy manbalar o‘rganilib, rubobning shakllanish bosqichlari hamda bugungi kundagi ijrochilik an’analari tahlil qilinadi. Natijalar rubobning milliy musiqamizdagi beqiyos o‘rni va estetik qiymatini yoritishga qaratilgan.
19.12.2025 Volume Issue View more Download
Mazkur maqolada ta’limda pedagogik texnologiyalardan foydalanishning mohiyati va ta’lim sifatini oshirishdagi o’rni, hamda ahamiyati yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, ta’lim jarayonida pedagogik texnologiyalarni qo’llash samarasi haqida fikr yuritilgan va oliy ta’lim muassasalarida ta’lim jarayoniga yangicha yondashish borasida takliflar berilgan.
19.12.2025 Volume Issue View more Download
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammatory demyelination, axonal injury, and progressive neurodegeneration [1–4]. Although historically regarded as a T cell–driven disease, accumulating evidence demonstrates that MS arises from complex interactions between adaptive and innate immune systems, genetic susceptibility, and environmental exposures [5,10]. Aberrant activation of autoreactive lymphocytes, dysregulated cytokine signaling, breakdown of immune tolerance, and sustained microglial activation collectively drive CNS pathology [1,18–20]. This review provides an in-depth and updated analysis of the immunological mechanisms underlying MS pathogenesis, with particular emphasis on immune tolerance failure, lymphocyte trafficking, antigen presentation, neuroimmune crosstalk, and chronic inflammatory neurodegeneration.
19.12.2025 Volume Issue View more Download
Har qanday raqamli loyihaning yuragi bo`lgan veb-sahifalar qurilishi HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) bilan boshlanadi. Ushbu maqolada HTML hujjatining eng muhim strukturaviy poydevori ya’ni “skeleti”ni tushunishga yordam beradi. <DOCTYPE> deklaratsiyasidan tortib, <head> ichidagi meta-ma’lumotlarning ahamiyatini batafsil ko`rib chiqamiz. Asosiy e’tibor <body> qismiga qaratiladi, unda siz sahifangizni mazmun bilan to`ldirish uchun eng ko`p qo`llaniladigan elementlar, jumladan, sarlavha (<h1><h6>), xatboshilar(<p>), media(<img>) va navigatsiya(<a>) elementlarining to`g`ri qo`llanilishini o`rganiladi. Qo`llanma orqali sz shunchakikod yozishni emas, balki standartlarga javob bera oladigan, tartibli va yaxshi tuzilgan veb-sahifalarni yaratish uchun fundamental bilimlarni egallaysiz.
19.12.2025 Volume Issue View more Download
This article analyzes the significance of the ecological crisis and economic changes in the context of green energy and renewable resources. In recent decades, climate change, air and water pollution, and the depletion of natural resources have intensified global environmental challenges. Simultaneously, economic systems are undergoing rapid transformations, with energy and production sectors facing sustainability issues. The article examines green energy technologies, including solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal energy, and their role in promoting ecological sustainability and economic development. Furthermore, it discusses how the use of renewable resources allows countries and enterprises to achieve energy independence, create jobs, and enhance economic efficiency. The study emphasizes that green energy and renewable resources are essential for ensuring environmental security, sustainable economic growth, and long-term resilience.
19.12.2025 Volume Issue View more Download