Abstract. Early childhood education (ECE) plays a crucial role in the cognitive, social, and emotional development of children, laying the foundation for their future academic success and social integration. This article provides a comparative analysis of the early childhood education systems in Sweden and Uzbekistan, two countries with distinct cultural, economic, and educational contexts. Special attention is given to the structure and financing of early childhood institutions, teaching methodologies, pedagogical practices, and the impact of social and cultural environments on child development. The study highlights the differences and similarities in the approaches to ECE in these two countries.