Abstract. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of visual impairment among patients with diabetes mellitus. The present study evaluated the diagnostic significance of biomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), B-scan ultrasonography, and fundus photography in 60 patients with diabetic retinopathy treated at the Regional Hospital of Eye Diseases in Andijan. Comprehensive ophthalmological examination enabled early detection of retinal microvascular abnormalities, diabetic macular edema, proliferative changes, and vitreoretinal complications. OCT demonstrated high sensitivity in identifying early retinal structural alterations, while B-scan ultrasonography was especially informative in patients with vitreous hemorrhage and media opacity. Fundus photography provided effective documentation and dynamic monitoring of retinal pathology. The combined application of modern diagnostic methods improved the accuracy of diabetic retinopathy assessment and contributed to timely therapeutic decision-making and prevention of disease progression.