Abstract. This article examines language teaching and assessment within the framework of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The CEFR serves as an internationally accepted standard for describing language proficiency and aligning educational objectives, teaching practices, and assessment systems. The paper discusses the theoretical foundations of the CEFR, its role in communicative language teaching, and its application in formative and summative assessment. In addition, the study highlights the advantages and challenges of CEFR-based implementation and offers recommendations for educators and institutions.