Abstract. Since gaining independence in 1991, Uzbekistan has undergone substantial transformations in its education system, particularly in primary education. The government has prioritized educational reform as a key driver of national development, aligning its efforts with global standards and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This article reviews the major reforms in Uzbekistan’s primary education sector, highlighting notable achievements such as curriculum modernization, improved infrastructure, and expanded access to early childhood education. It also discusses persistent challenges, including disparities in rural education, teacher training needs, and systemic implementation gaps. The analysis underscores the importance of sustained policy commitment, capacity building, and inclusive approaches for long-term success.