Abstract. This article examines the process of second language acquisition (SLA) and the emerging trends in modern education. SLA refers to the process by which individuals acquire communicative abilities in a language other than their native tongue, encompassing psychological, cognitive, and social dimensions. The article explores various SLA theories, including behaviorism, natural language acquisition theory, interactionism, and cognitive approaches. Additionally, it highlights contemporary educational trends such as the integration of technology, online learning, task-based language teaching (TBLT), communicative language teaching (CLT), and personalized learning. The article also discusses the challenges in SLA, including age-related factors, motivation, language transfer, and cultural differences. These modern trends in education play a crucial role in creating more engaging and effective learning opportunities for second language learners.