Abstract. Currently, in order to further improve the soil fertility in the planting of agricultural crops, the introduction of various tillage methods in agrotechnics, the effective use of mineral fertilizers in the growth of cotton, and certain results are being achieved. Cotton and grain are mainly planted, according to the scientific research of our scientists, only as a result of using the cotton-grain rotation system, a slight decrease in the agrochemical properties of the soil is observed. Planting alfalfa, legumes, vegetables, fodder and other soil fertility-improving crops on areas freed from grain is studied to have a positive effect on the next crops.