Abstract. This article describes the history of land-water relations of the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic. The article was researched by studying and analyzing various sources and scientific literature. During the government of the USSR, land-water relations, like many other areas, were regulated on the basis of both the Soviet and the national model. Lands of large landowners were confiscated, and the role of state property was increased. The article also discusses the role of the new land-water system in the country’s economy and the consequences of the changes.