Abstract. This article, in the process of studying rock paintings in the Bukhara oasis, shows that this area has been occupied by humans since primitive times, and a continuous culture has been created in subsequent historical periods, and the Zarafshan river flows through the Malik desert between the Kizbibi mountain range and the Nurota mountain range. , it was found that the inhabitants who lived in the Sarmishsay gorge on the north side of the river were engaged in primitive agriculture, animal husbandry and hunting.