Hujayra sitoskeleti eukariot hujayralarning ichki tayanch tizimi bo‘lib, u hujayra shaklini saqlash, mexanik barqarorlikni ta’minlash, organoidlarning joylashuvini boshqarish, hujayra ichki transportini amalga oshirish va hujayra bo‘linishida ishtirok etish kabi ko‘plab muhim biologik vazifalarni bajaradi. Sitoskelet hujayra sitoplazmasida joylashgan murakkab oqsil tolalar tarmog‘idan iborat bo‘lib, asosan mikrofilamentlar, oraliq filamentlar va mikronaychalardan tashkil topadi. Ushbu strukturalarning har biri o‘ziga xos molekulyar tuzilishga, dinamik xossalarga va fiziologik funksiyalarga ega. Mikrofilamentlar ko‘proq aktin oqsilidan tuzilgan bo‘lib, hujayra harakati, qisqarish va membrana shakllanish jarayonlarida faol qatnashadi. Oraliq filamentlar mexanik mustahkamlikni ta’minlaydi hamda to‘qimalarning strukturaviy yaxlitligini saqlaydi. Mikronaychalar esa tubulin oqsilidan tashkil topib, hujayra ichida moddalarning tashilishi, mitoz hushtagi hosil bo‘lishi va kiprikchalar hamda xivchinlar harakatida ishtirok etadi. Sitoskelet tizimi faqat tayanch apparati emas, balki hujayra signalizatsiyasi, differensiallanish, migratsiya, immun javob, regeneratsiya va embrional rivojlanish jarayonlarida ham muhim o‘rin tutadi. Zamonaviy sitologiya va molekulyar biologiyada sitoskelet elementlarining patologik o‘zgarishlari saraton, neyrodegenerativ kasalliklar, mushak distrofiyalari va irsiy sindromlar bilan bog‘liqligi aniqlangan. Mazkur maqolada sitoskeletning strukturaviy komponentlari, ularning ultrastrukturasi, molekulyar tashkil topishi va hujayra hayotidagi funksional ahamiyati keng yoritiladi.

Mazkur maqolada Said Ahmadning “Kelinlar qo‘zg‘oloni” va “Farmonbibi arazladi” komediyalarida frazeologizmlarning lingvopoetik xususiyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Asarlarda qo‘llangan frazeologik birliklarning semantik, stilistik hamda funksional jihatlari aniq misollar asosida o‘rganildi. Tadqiqot natijasida frazeologizmlar qahramon xarakterini ochish, dialoglarni jonlantirish va komik effekt yaratishda muhim vosita ekanligi aniqlandi.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) represents one of the most significant complications following an Insult, contributing substantially to long-term disability and reduced quality of life. Cognitive deficits may involve memory, attention, executive function, and language abilities, often persisting even after physical recovery. Despite advances in acute stroke management, the burden of cognitive dysfunction remains underrecognized and undertreated. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of structured neurorehabilitation strategies in improving cognitive outcomes among post-stroke patients. A prospective observational cohort design was employed, involving 150 patients diagnosed with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Cognitive function was assessed using standardized neuropsychological tools, and individualized rehabilitation programs were implemented over a six-month period. Preliminary findings suggest that targeted cognitive rehabilitation, combined with physical therapy and psychosocial support, significantly improves cognitive performance and functional independence. These results highlight the importance of early identification and personalized intervention in managing PSCI.

This article scientifically analyzes the pedagogical conditions for increasing the effectiveness of preventive work with juvenile offenders. It also highlights the mechanisms of educational influence, individual approach, cooperation among prevention subjects, and the introduction of modern pedagogical technologies.

Mаzkur mаqоlаdа rivоjlаngаn demоkrаtik dаvlаtlаrdа siyоsiy pаrtiyаlаr fаоliyаtidа prаgmаtizmning institutsiоnаl аsоslаri tаhlil qilinаdi. Tаdqiqоtdа siyоsiy prаgmаtizm tushunchаsining mаzmuni, uning pаrtiyаviy tizimdаgi о‘rni hаmdа аmаliy аhаmiyаti оchib berilаdi. АQSH, Germаniyа vа Yаpоniyа kаbi dаvlаtlаr misоlidа siyоsiy pаrtiyаlаr fаоliyаtidа prаgmаtik yоndаshuvni shаkllаntiruvchi аsоsiy оmillаr – huquqiy bаzа, siyоsiy rаqоbаt muhiti, elektоrаt bilаn sаmаrаli kоmmunikаtsiyа, prоfessiоnаl bоshqаruv tizimi vа mоliyаviy shаffоflik tаhlil etilаdi. Tаdqiqоt nаtijаlаri shuni kо‘rsаtаdiki, prаgmаtizm siyоsiy pаrtiyаlаr fаоliyаtining sаmаrаdоrligini оshirishgа xizmаt qiluvchi muhim оmil hisоblаnаdi. Shuningdek, mаqоlаdа mаzkur tаjribаni О‘zbekistоn siyоsiy tizimigа jоriy etish imkоniyаtlаri vа istiqbоllаri аsоslаb berilаdi. Muаllif tоmоnidаn prаgmаtizmni institutsiоnаl rivоjlаntirish bо‘yichа ilmiy-аmаliy tаkliflаr ishlаb chiqilgаn.