Abstract. A comparative review is presented of the legal frameworks and societal challenges that mold women's rights in India and Afghanistan, respectively. Despite this fact, both countries have legislation that empowers them, though in practice, their enforcement remains faced with deep- rooted cultural mores and socio-political reasons. The article discusses some of the key legal provisions, including constitutional guarantees of gender equality in India and Afghanistan. The paper argues, with case studies, the divergence between legal theory and practice that has occurred in both countries, along with how such a gap might be bridged through legal reform, a change in societal values, and much-needed international cooperation. The article concludes by providing recommendations for strengthening legal frameworks and promoting gender equality through both legal and societal efforts.