Abstract. This article provides a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the trait of early maturity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) breeding, with a specific focus on the functional role of the FLO (FLORICAULA/LEAFY) gene family based on an analysis of contemporary literature. The study synthesizes global research findings to analyze nucleotide sequence variations within FLO genes (SNP polymorphism) and their direct impact on the acceleration of plant ontogeny. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of functional genotypes identified through sequencing technologies and their adaptability to diverse climatic conditions are comparatively evaluated. The review discusses the prospects of marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies for enhancing the sunflower gene pool and the potential for the effective utilization of FLO genes in the breeding process. By interpreting global research results from the past decade, the functional significance of SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers arising from nucleotide substitutions within the FLO gene structure is scientifically substantiated. The study further elucidates the correlational links between the genetic diversity of sunflower lines from various phylogenetic groups and the adaptive potential of FLO genotypes. The findings serve as a theoretical platform for adapting agricultural crops to climate change, advancing MAS technologies, and developing innovative genotypes with abbreviated vegetative periods.