Mazkur maqolada xalqaro tajribada moliyaviy monitoring tizimining shakllanish bosqichlari, institutsional tuzilmasi, normativ-huquqiy asoslari hamda amaliy qo‘llash mexanizmlari kompleks tarzda tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, rivojlangan davlatlar va yetakchi xalqaro tashkilotlar tomonidan joriy etilgan AML/CFT (pul mablag‘larini legallashtirishga va terrorizmni moliyalashtirishga qarshi kurashish) tizimlarining evolyutsiyasi, riskga asoslangan yondashuv (Risk-Based Approach), mijozni identifikatsiya qilish (KYC), benefisiar mulkdorlikni aniqlash, shubhali operatsiyalar monitoringi hamda moliyaviy razvedka mexanizmlarining samaradorligi o‘rganiladi. Maqolada Financial Action Task Force (FATF) tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan xalqaro standartlar, shuningdek, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), European Union doirasidagi AML direktivalari hamda Monetary Authority of Singapore tajribasi misolida moliyaviy monitoring tizimining tashkiliy va texnologik modellari tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli texnologiyalar, sun’iy intellekt va katta ma’lumotlar (Big Data) asosida tranzaksiyalarni real vaqt rejimida tahlil qilish imkoniyatlari moliyaviy monitoring samaradorligini oshiruvchi muhim omil sifatida baholanadi.

This article provides a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the trait of early maturity in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) breeding, with a specific focus on the functional role of the FLO (FLORICAULA/LEAFY) gene family based on an analysis of contemporary literature. The study synthesizes global research findings to analyze nucleotide sequence variations within FLO genes (SNP polymorphism) and their direct impact on the acceleration of plant ontogeny. Furthermore, the genetic diversity of functional genotypes identified through sequencing technologies and their adaptability to diverse climatic conditions are comparatively evaluated. The review discusses the prospects of marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies for enhancing the sunflower gene pool and the potential for the effective utilization of FLO genes in the breeding process. By interpreting global research results from the past decade, the functional significance of SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers arising from nucleotide substitutions within the FLO gene structure is scientifically substantiated. The study further elucidates the correlational links between the genetic diversity of sunflower lines from various phylogenetic groups and the adaptive potential of FLO genotypes. The findings serve as a theoretical platform for adapting agricultural crops to climate change, advancing MAS technologies, and developing innovative genotypes with abbreviated vegetative periods.

The active development of inclusive education necessitates a modernized approach to the professional training of future speech therapists. This article explores innovative methodologies and pedagogical conditions required to enhance the readiness of university students for effective speech therapy activities within an inclusive environment. The study analyzes traditional training models and proposes a comprehensive framework that integrates practical case studies, adaptive teaching strategies, and modern educational technologies. The findings indicate that improving the professional, practical, and psychological competencies of future specialists significantly increases the quality of speech and language support for children with special educational needs. The proposed recommendations aim to optimize higher education standards in the field of special pedagogy and inclusive practices.

Mehdi Bazargan is one of the famous personalities of the national-religious movement of Iran. Among the leaders of this intellectual and political movement, she is a unique personality who is well-known both in the field of thought and in terms of her long record of political activity. Bazargan is considered an opinionated person in the field of political and religious thought. One of her intellectual and practical concerns during her life has been preserving the national identity of Iranians and ways to defend it. The present article, with an analytical method and referring to the remaining works and writings of Bazargan, seeks to answer this basic question: what components did Bazargan pay attention to in defending the Iranian national identity? The findings of the research indicate that during her intellectual and political life, Bazargan paid attention to four basic components to defend the national identity of Iranians.These four components, in order of importance, are: trying to create a civil and democratic society, compatibility of Islam and Iranian nationality, maintaining the country's independence and defending national interests.

Ushbu maqolada egizaklarni psixologik jihatdan o‘rganishda qo‘llaniladigan psixodiagnostik metodikalar ilmiy-nazariy va amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Egizaklar metodi irsiyat va muhit omillarining shaxs rivojlanishiga ta’sirini aniqlashda muhim vosita hisoblanadi. Maqolada intellekt, shaxs xususiyatlari, temperament va emotsional sohani o‘lchashga qaratilgan testlar, proyektiv metodlar, kuzatish va statistik modellashtirish usullari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, xalqaro ilmiy tadqiqotlar natijalari asosida egizaklar psixodiagnostikasining zamonaviy yo‘nalishlari ko‘rsatib berilgan.