Hepatitis B is a dangerous infectious liver disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), affecting approximately 254 million people worldwide. The disease is transmitted through blood, sexual contact, and mother-to-child transmission. Occurring in both acute and chronic forms, untreated Hepatitis B may lead to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Diagnostic methods mainly include testing for HBsAg, HBV DNA, and liver enzyme levels. Chronic Hepatitis B is controlled using antiviral medications such as Tenofovir and Entecavir. The most reliable preventive measure is the three-dose vaccine, which has an effectiveness rate of 95–98%. In Uzbekistan, the Hepatitis B vaccine is included in the national immunization schedule and is mandatory for newborns.

This article considers the importance of drugs and pharmacology, their history, development and effects. Modern approaches to ensuring the safety of drugs, side effects and the process of clinical trials are also discussed. The article highlights new trends in the field of medicine and highlights the role of drugs in human health.

В статье рассматривается значение и роль информационных технологий в обеспечении общественной безопасности, актуальность использования искусственного интеллекта, внедрения прорывных информационных технологий в систему органов внутренних дел. Показаны некоторые примеры из опыта зарубежных стран и Республики Узбекистан в использовании современных технологий в деятельности обеспечения правопорядка и общественной безопасности.

В данной статье изучена совершенствование учебно-тренировочного процесса у гандболистов.

Grammar teaching remains one of the most important and controversial issues in the field of second language acquisition (SLA). While some researchers support teaching grammar through direct explanation of rules, others believe that indirect learning through dialogue and interaction is more important. This article discusses the role of explicit and implicit grammar teaching in English language teaching and highlights the importance of these approaches in developing students’ grammatical competence and communicative skills. The study is related to the Uzbek education system, where the importance of communicative language teaching and international standards such as the CEFR is increasing. The article argues that combining explicit grammar teaching with communicative activities creates a more effective learning environment for Uzbek students. It also draws on practical examples from Uzbek schools.